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Inflammation

Inflammation can have both positive and negative health effects. Acute inflammation works with the immune system to address infectious and non-infectious cellular damage. However, when inflammation becomes chronic, it can seriously impact health. For example, studies have shown a correlation between chronic inflammation and all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular mortality.

Curcumin

 

Curcumin (Curcuma longa)

600–1,000 mg, total per day, minimum 8–10 weeks

  • Curcumin decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) (-0.58 mg/l), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (-3.48 pg/ml), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (-1.31 pg/ml), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (-0.33 umol/l), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20.51 u/l) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.21 mmol/l).

  • In patients with various chronic diseases, curcumin decreased CRP (-3.67 mg/l) and hs-CRP concentrations. 

  • Compared to placebo, curcumin decreased IL-6 by ~49%, TNF-α by ~63%, and MDA by ~38% in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA)

 

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA)

2.5 g, total per day, minimum 12 weeks

  • In patients with various health conditions, omega-3s moderately decreased serum CRP, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α with a smaller effect.

  • Compared to placebo, omega-3 supplementation decreased total serum cortisol by 19% and IL-6 levels by 33% during a stressful event, and CRP by ~30%, IL-6 by ~22%, and TNF-α by ~16% in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Probiotics

 

Probiotics

1.6 × 109 CFU, total per day, minimum 8 weeks 

  • Prebiotics and probiotics modulate the intestinal microbiome and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation by increasing intestinal anaerobes and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. 

  • Compared to placebo, a multistrain synbiotic reduced TNF-α by ~6% and hs-CRP by ~10% in postmenopausal females with obesity and a history of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. 

  • Compared to placebo, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduced IL1-Beta and lipopolysaccharide concentrations by ~ 35% and ~30%, respectively, in patients with CAD.

Quercetin

 

Quercetin

≥ 500 mg, total per day, minimum of 8 weeks

  • In individuals with chronic diseases, quercetin had a large effect on decreasing IL-6 and a smaller effect on decreasing serum CRP. 

  • Quercetin decreased TNF-α and IL-6 in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. 

  • Compared to placebo, quercetin increased serum TAC by ~20% in post-myocardial infarction patients.

Jenny Im Naturopathic Doctor

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